• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a dry construction composition that is easily wet-sprayable by means of a screw pump, thus forming, after hardening, a durably mechanically resistant insulating material ( ë <0.1 W·m-1·K-1). Said composition contains: -A- at least one binder, itself including: -A1- at least one main binder containing lime and/or at least one alumina source and/or at least one calcium sulfate source, preferably at least one alumina source, -A2- at least one water-retaining agent, and -A3- preferably at least one surfactant; and -B- at least one biosourced filler, preferably of plant origin. The ratio B/A (liters/kg) is between 2 and 9. Said composition is intended to be mixed with water in a water/binder ratio -A- of no lower than 0.8. The invention also relates to the wet composition, to the preparation thereof, to the binder -A- taken in isolation, and to a method for application by spraying onto a horizontal or vertical substrate or by molding.
    公开号:ES2676912A2
    申请号:ES201890031
    申请日:2016-11-03
    公开日:2018-07-26
    发明作者:Marco Cappellari；Lisa Desroses；Anne Daubresse
    申请人:Parexgroup SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION
    Composition of dry construction that can be projected on a wet road with the aid of a screw pump and comprising a binder and a load of biological origin - preparation and application of said composition
     5
    STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
    The state of the art of the invention is that of the construction compositions, dry, wet, and hardened; usable in construction; applicable on horizontal surfaces by spreading, on vertical surfaces by projection and / or intended for the production of molded objects in molds or formwork. 10
    These compositions comprise granules and fillers intended to be agglomerated or agglomerated by at least one binder. Traditionally, these compositions are concrete or mortar.
    The binders are minerals and / or organic and preferably minerals.
    The most specifically contemplated construction compositions are those that comprise, in addition to and / or instead of mineral granules, loads from the biologically based materials industry, that is, from biomass of plant or animal origin, preferably plant .
    A subject of the invention is also a specific formulation of binder adapted to biological base loads, preferably of plant origin. twenty
    The invention also relates to the wet forms of these compositions and their preparation, as well as to their applications in construction.
    The construction elements obtained from the aforementioned compositions also form an integral part of the invention.
     25
    TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
    In the current regulatory and political context of reducing the environmental impact of buildings, reducing the consumption of fossil raw materials, limiting greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the economy of sustainable development, the use of Granules / 30 biobased plant loads in construction compositions are booming.
    The plant raw materials already used in the field of building and construction are especially: wool of vegetable fibers, recycled natural textiles, cellulose wadding, hemp or hemp straws, hemp weed in 35
    other forms, linen agramizas, straw in the form of tied or compressed, wood in all its forms, etc.
    These plant raw materials are known for their thermal and acoustic insulating properties and for their reinforcement, load and matrix properties.
    The use of such plant raw materials in construction compositions, however, implies a number of difficulties, among which we can mention:
     A very strongly hydrophilic and hyperabsorbent character that attracts excess water;
     excess water that extends drying and retards setting; 10
     excess water that has an impact on the mechanical strength of hardened compositions (eg compressive strength);
     excess water that affects the durability of hardened compositions;
     the excess of water that favors the development of microorganisms that degrade the sanitary quality of the hardened compositions.
    Granules / vegetable fillers are in effect generally characterized by a strong water absorption capacity linked to their very porous structure. Hemp, granulated / loaded from the hemp stem, is capable of absorbing an amount of water up to 3-4 times its weight. Once in contact with a paste of mineral binder, the granules / vegetable loads absorb a part of the kneading water impacting the hardening kinetics of the mortar. This type of granules / loads require high water rates, consequently long drying times of the insulating mortar.
    The inventions object of the previous patent applications mentioned below, reveal problems arising from the incorporation of plant raw materials in the construction compositions.
    Patent application WO 03/004435 indicates that the incorporation of hemp derivatives into a concrete or mortar poses a very serious problem considering the highly hydrophilic nature of the hemp component. This can absorb 30 to about 400% of its weight of water or water-based liquid, which generates a very strong reaction concurrent with the water contained in the mortar or concrete.
    Patent application WO 03/004435 A1 seeks to respond to this problem without damaging the drying and setting characteristics of wet formulations, 35 and without affecting the mechanical properties of hardened products from
    these formulations. To this end, it discloses formulations for hemp concretes and mortars, which include:
    - components of hemp (and / or flax and / or cereal straw, such as oatmeal or rice husk),
    - a binder constituted, totally or partially, of air lime; 5
    - at least one very thin pore and capillary formation aid that forms a microcapillary system assembly, so that the water in the matrix can be evacuated to the surface at the time of setting after drying while, after drying, the water external (rain) is not able to penetrate this network of capillaries; (vegetable colloids such as 10 alginates and / or polysaccharides and all derived from natural or synthetic starches and / or carrageenans);
    - and at least one hydrophobicity matrix adjuvant; (calcium, sodium, or magnesium polysulfonates, lignosulfonates; sodium sulfates, metal soaps, maleates, oleates (Na), aluminum, magnesium, sodium, lithium, sodium siliconates stearates).
    The kinetics of very slow hardening (more than 24 hours) of these formulations, does not allow many layers of coating on support, at times of application compatible with the demands of construction productivity. Who makes the application must wait too long between each 20 layer (past), namely more than one day, which is unacceptable, in particular because of the cost of immobilization of scaffolding.
    In addition, these wet formulations are not pumpable in a screw pump due to the high hemp volumes they contain. However, the ability to pump or "pumpability" in a screw pump is an essential condition for allowing the application by projection on supports (walls, facades, ceilings, floors.) Of these wet formulations for hemp concrete and mortar. In fact, virtually all workers' projection machines (plasters) are equipped with a screw pump. This requires mortar manufacturers to propose kneaded formulations suitable for passing through 30 of the usual screw pumps.
    It happens that the use of granules / vegetable loads such as hemp in formulations according to WO 03/004435 A1 poses a problem of jamming / plugging of screw pumps, since these formulations contain hemp volumes sufficiently important to ensure low conductivity 35
    thermal lambda, for example less than 0.1 W / m.K, and meet the required thermal insulation performance.
    The formulations according to WO 03/004435 A1 do not respond to this commitment between, on the one hand, a sufficient dry volume of hemp with respect to the binder to obtain the required thermal insulation, and, on the other hand, the necessary pumpability 5 for the application of wet formulations
    In addition, hardened products obtained from these known wet formulations do not have a good "durability" in the aging cycles (EOTA, ETAG004 external thermal insulation standard).
    Patent application WO 2014/001712 A1 discloses construction materials 10 that are presented as readily prepared from a vegetable granulate and as having excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties, but also a setting, hardening and drying time. which limits the occurrence of degradation phenomena of said material generally observed with construction materials prepared from a plant granulate. These 15 building materials include:
    - 10% to 60% of a hydraulic binder and / or an air binder (Vicat CNP PM - Prompt Natural Cement, possibly air lime);
    - 16% to 50% of a vegetable granulate: the seed hairs of the seeds, in particular cotton, the Liberian fibers from the stems of the vegetable such as hemp fiber, hemp, flax agramizas, shavings wooden, cork spheres or miscanthus; fibers extracted from the leaves or trunk, particularly the sisal; and fruit toppings such as coconut nut (hemp fiber, hemp, flax agramizas and wood shavings); 25
    - 0.05% to 5% of a water retention agent for example chosen from cellulose ethers (methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose);
    - 10% to 50%, preferably 20 to 40% water.
    - eventually citric acid
    - possibly sodium carbonate. 30
    The building materials of the examples (concrete) are used by a planetary mixer then compacted in cylindrical molds. Its composition and use allow limiting the amount of kneading water: 20 to 40%.
    These building materials contain large volumes of 35 granules / plant loads and are not pumpable, in wet form, in a pump
    screw Hence, these construction materials cannot be used by pumping through a screw and projection pump (plaster type machine).
    This impossibility of use by pumping through a screw pump also comes from the fact that these materials are fast setting, as shown in the examples of WO 2014/001712 A1, according to which the setting times are less than 1 hour, which is incompatible with a passage in projection machine.
    To improve construction compositions in which plant additions are incorporated into a lime-based binder matrix (for example hemp to make blocks such as Chanvribloc®), these compositions need 10 very long hardening times, which delay setting. of hydraulic binders, patent application FR 2997944 A1 describes hemp concrete compositions comprising:
     a hydraulic binder (Portland cement, Fondu® cement, sulphoaluminous cement, calcium aluminate cement, hydraulic lime, aerial lime); 15 in particular Portland cement, Fondu® Cement;
     Vegetable granules formed from hemp (hemp), corn husk, sorghum, flax agramizas, miscanthus (elephant grass), rice bales (rice husk), cane bagasse, cereal straws, kenaf, coconut nut, olive bone, bamboo, wood pellets (for example crumbled spruce), wood chips and mixtures thereof.
     trivalent cations (iron salts - iron chloride or nitrate - or aluminum salts);
     a calcareous filler; 25
     a surfactant foaming agent,
     possibly a setting accelerator of the hydraulic binder (calcium / lithium salts);
     possibly a water reducing agent, a plasticizer or a superplasticizer; 30
     and water; the mass water / binder ratio being between 0.3 to 2.5.
    These compositions do not comprise water retainer and have too low water retention, to allow pumping through a screw pump without draining the wet material, which causes clogging of this screw pump. In this way, these compositions are not
    pumpable with a screw pump and cannot be projected wet. They are intended for placement by pouring.
    On the other hand, the insulating compositions (coatings, mortars, concrete.) Known under the TRADICAL® brand by the BCB company are known. These compositions comprise a mineral binder based on aerial lime and a hemp load of CHANVRIBAT® 75 brand. According to the recommended dosages, these compositions contain between 44 and 165 kg of binder for 200 liters of hemp. These compositions can be placed by pouring, compaction or projection by dry or semi-wet route, but they cannot be applied by wet projection with a screw pump. 10
    The construction compositions with granules / biobased fillers according to the prior art mentioned above, are not compatible with the wet application procedures, which require that the wet composition be pumpable and projectable on all types of vertical, inclined, or horizontal.
    These wet application procedures guarantee a better homogeneity and repeatability, minimizing losses of granules / rebound loads on the projection surface. Frequently they are used in particular with applicators, called plasters, for the realization of facade cladding, and consist of pumping and projecting a homogeneous mixture composed of a formulated binder, of a granulate / charge and of the entire kneading water. 20 Universally known plastering projection machines are eccentric screw pumps that have a pumping sleeve type 2L6 or 2R6 found in machines of type S5, SP5, SP11 from Putzmeister, S8, S28R, S38 from Bunker, PH9B or PH9B-Rde Lancy, Talent DMR of Turbosol. The dimensions of these sleeves make it difficult to pass insulating mortars, which have a granulate / biobased load greater than 10 mm in size, for example mortars whose granules / fillers are composed of hemp labeled "hemp for construction."
    Wet procedures need a specific formulation. In effect, the binder must allow the pumping of the vegetable mortar (eg hemp) without phase separation (drained from the granulate / load of compressed biological base in the jacket) and guarantee the adhesion in loading (avoid the creep of the mortar during application on the vertical surfaces) of the mortar on the support.
    On the other hand, there are insulating vegetable mortars that are used, either manually, or mechanically, using 35 specific pumping-projection procedures. These procedures
    called "dry track" and "semi-wet road" need specific machines, sometimes expensive. But these procedures do not guarantee a homogeneity of the mortar and a satisfactory coating of the vegetable fibers, and have a negative impact on its durability in climatic variations, and make it vulnerable to microorganisms, rodents and fire. Such procedures have been developed primarily for hemp-based mortars in order to reduce the amount of kneading water. According to these procedures, the granulate / vegetable load is propelled dry to the projection lance, the coating of the granulate / load is carried out at the exit or in the projection lance. The final properties and the homogeneity of the projected mortar are strongly impacted by the machine's regulations, the distance between the lance and the wall at the time of the projection and the climatic conditions. These procedures generate significant losses of granules / rebound loads on the support (approximately 10-20%). This projection mode does not guarantee optimum replicability for the realization of insulating mortar coatings on 15 vertical supports.
    As of today and according to the inventors' knowledge, no mortar / insulating concrete based on granulate / vegetal load (biological base material) has been developed, with a thermal conductivity () less than or equal to 0.2 , preferably at 0.1 W / mK, for wet use, using screw pump projection machines 20, such as plaster machines.

    OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
    In the absence of mortar / insulating concrete based on granulated / pumpable plant load and wet projectable for the realization of coatings on 25 supports (vertical, horizontal or inclined) of constructions, in particular for the thermal renovation of the facades, realization of insulating layers on horizontal supports of constructions, for the filling of insulating walls, in particular in houses with wooden structure, or even for the production of insulating prefabrication elements, 30
    The invention contemplates meeting at least one of the following objectives:
     provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, comprising plant raw materials, wet projectable by means of a screw pump, and which allows the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, with low thermal conductivity (); 35
     provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, comprising plant raw materials, wet projectable by means of a screw pump, which allows the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, equipped with rapid hardening, without setting delay, for example which allows the "recoverability" of passes of 3 cm every 24 hours (multilayers achievable in terms 5 compatible with the productivity required for works in the field of construction);
     provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, comprising plant raw materials, wet projectable by means of a screw pump, which allows the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, and which leads to 10 hardened products that have lasting mechanical performances, and the same in severe weather conditions, for example freeze-thaw or moisture-freeze cycles from 28 days after application;
     provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, comprising 15 vegetable raw materials, projectable by wet way using a screw pump, which allows the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, in particular that presents a limited vulnerability to degradation caused by the development of microorganisms, by rodent aggressions or even in fires;
     provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, comprising 20 vegetable raw materials, projectable by wet way using a screw pump, which allows the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, which ensures a homogeneity of the material, both in the wet state as in the dry hardened state, by a good coating of the particular loads, in order to ensure good insulating performance in the thermal plane and in the acoustic plane; 25
     provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, comprising plant raw materials, which allows the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, and wet projectable by means of a screw pump, without waste of composition due to rebound on the support ;
     provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, comprising 30 plant raw materials, which allows the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, and wet projectable by means of a screw pump, which provides a homogeneous deposit on the support, and this in repeatable form;
     provide a wet mortar / concrete composition, comprising the dry composition contemplated in the above-mentioned objectives and water, 35
    wet projectable by means of a screw pump, and which satisfies at least one of the objectives mentioned above;
     provide a binder intended for the dry composition referred to in the aforementioned objectives and which meets at least one of the above objectives. 5
     provide a kit comprising the binder and the vegetable load intended to prepare the dry composition referred to in the above-mentioned objectives and that satisfies at least one of the objectives listed above.
     provide an application procedure for an insulating mortar / concrete that meets at least one of the above-mentioned objectives. 10

    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    These objectives, among others, are achieved by the present invention which refers, in the first of its aspects, to a dry mortar composition, projectable by wet way especially by means of a screw pump, which allows the realization of an insulating mortar characterized because:
    (i). understands:
    -A- at least one binder that includes:
    A -A1-at least one primary binder comprising lime and / or at least one source of alumina and / or at least one source of calcium sulfate, preferably at least one source of alumina;
     -A2- at least one water retention agent;
     -A3- preferably at least one surfactant;
    -B- at least one load of biological base, preferably of vegetable origin;
    The ratio B / A is included - dry cargo volume B in liters / mass 25 of dry binder A in kg, according to an increasing order of preference, 2 and 9; 2,5 and 8; 4 and 7.9; 4.6 and 7.5 l / kg;
    (ii). it is intended to be kneaded with a liquid, preferably water, according to a mass ratio water on A comprised between 0.8 and 5, preferably between 1 and 4, and, more preferably even between 1.5 and 3.5; 30
    (iii). once so kneaded, it is pumpable in a screw pump as defined in a T1 test, defined below.

    It is worthwhile for the inventors to have developed this dry composition, precursor to a wet formulation that can be pumped and projected, in particular with a screw pump of the type they are equipped with, for example,
    projection machines for plasters, and this, without losing the insulating character sought for these mortars.
    In addition to the pumpability of the wet formulation, the composition according to the invention satisfies a "projectability" specification, that is, for example, that said wet formulation, from the moment it is projected and applied, 5 in a layer of approximately 5 cm, on a vertical support in concrete blocks, it is maintained in this vertical support, without creep without draining, for the time necessary for its hardening and for its adhesion in hardened form on said vertical support, at an ambient temperature for example between 5 ° C and 35 ° C and at a relative humidity RH between 20 and 90 percent. 10
    Preferably, and always with a view to improving its wet application and its pumpability for a sufficient time to be compatible with the construction requirements, this composition is characterized, once kneaded with a liquid - preferably water - according to a water mass ratio over A between 0.8 and 5, for a setting time, measured by an M1 method, between 1 and 15 24 hours, preferably between 1 and 8 hours.
    According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a binder A comprising - in% by weight / weight on dry and in an increasing order of preference -:
     -A1- primary binder: [5-95]; [10-85]; [15-75];
    Of which: 20
    or lime: [10-95]; [20-70]; [30-60];
    or source of alumina and / or source of calcium sulfate: [0-90]; [5-30]; [7-15];
     -A2- water retention agent: [0.1 - 5]; [0.5-3]; [0.8-2];
     -A3- surfactant [0-2]; [0.01-1]; [0.05-0.5]; 25
     -A4- secondary binder [0-85]; [5-50]; [7-15];
     -A5- mineral load of granulometry d90 less than 100µm: [0 - 40]; [0-30]; [0-20];
     -A6- mineral load of spacing of granulometry d90 greater than or equal to 100µm: [0 - 40]; [0-35]; [0-30]; 30
     -A7- water-repellent adjuvant: [0 - 1.5]; [0-1]; [0-0.5];
     -A8- setting retarder adjuvant: [0 –3]; [0-2]; [0-1];
     -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0-2]; [0-1];
         -A10- thickener adjuvant: [0-2]; [0.1-1]; [0.2– 0.8].
    According to another of its aspects, the object of the invention is a kit comprising the binder (A) and one or more biological based fillers (B), preferably of plant origin of the dry composition according to the invention.
    According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a wet mortar composition, obtained, in particular from the composition according to the invention, pumpable in a screw pump with an air gap (E) between rotor and stator between 4 and 30 mm, and preferably with a shirt type 2L6 or 2R6.
    According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a hardened mortar obtained from the wet composition according to the invention as referred to above. 10
    According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to an External Thermal Insulation System -ITE (according to its French acronym) - or Internal Thermal Insulation -ITI (according to its French acronym) - comprising hardened mortar according to the invention such as referred to above and applied in layer (s) over a total thickness between 2 and 30 cm, preferably between 5 and 15 cm and covered by a waterproofing coating of a minimum thickness of 10 mm, characterized in that the hardened mortar comprises lime and at least one source of alumina and because said system satisfies the test according to the EOTA ETAG004 standard for the ITE.
    Finally, the invention also relates to a method of applying an insulating mortar comprising the following steps:
    1 ° preparation of a mixture of liquid (preferably water) and of the dry composition as referred to above, that is to say that it comprises the binder (A) and the biological base charge (B), in a mass water / binder ratio ( A) indicated below, according to an increasing gradient of preference:
     [Water / A]  0.8; [Water / A]  1.0; [Water / A]  1.5;
     0.8 ≤ [Water / A] ≤ 5; 1 ≤ [Water / A] ≤ 4; 1.5≤ [Water / A] ≤ 3.5;
    2 ° preferably pumping the mixture prepared in step 1, by means of a screw pump,
    3.1 ° projection of the mixture prepared in stage 1 on a vertical or inclined support 30, or for filling of structure in wood or metal structure in situ or for the realization of prefabricated walls;
    or
    3.2 ° projection and spread on a horizontal plane to make a layer;
    or 35
    3.3 ° pouring of the mixture prepared in stage 1 in a formwork to make a wall, for the filling between two walls, or in a mold to make a prefabricated element and in particular blocks or pre-walls or plates.

    Definitions 5
    Throughout the present description, every singular indistinctly designates a singular or a plural.
    The definitions given below by way of examples may serve to interpret this:
     "mortar" or "concrete" indistinctly designates a dry or wet or hardened mixture of one or more organic and / or mineral binders, of mineral and / or plant-based fillers and possibly of fillers and / or additives and / or of adjuvants;
     "Insulating" mortar: means a mortar classified T "mortar for thermal insulation coating" according to EN 998-1 or a concrete in the form of a layer whose thermal conductivity , measured after complete drying according to the so-called plate method Hot reference NF EN 12664, is less than or equal to -in W / mK and in an increasing order of preference- 0.2; 0.15; 0.12; 0.1; 0.08; 0.07;
     "complete drying" means a stabilization of the hardened mortar mass 20, at about 3%, in 24 hours, for 50% relative humidity storage;
     The "size" of the particles of the biobased charge (B) corresponds to the largest of the three dimensions of each particle;
     A particular load has a size less than or equal to X mm, if its d90 is less than or equal to X mm; The term "d90" refers here to the granulometry criteria, according to which 90% of the particles are smaller than "d90". Granulometry is measured by sieving according to EN12192-1;
     "approximately" or "substantially" means about 10% close, 30 even more or less close 5%, relative to the unit of measure used;
     "polymer" interchangeably designates "homopolymer" and "copolymer" and / or mixture of polymers;
     "light load" is a load whose apparent density is less than or equal to 750 kg / m3, and preferably less than 500 kg / m3; 35
     "liquid": water or aqueous dispersion, aqueous emulsion or aqueous solution;
     "between Z1 and Z2" means that one or the other of the ends Z1, Z2 is included or not in the interval [Z1, Z2].
     "Recoverability" is the minimum time required before the application of a new wet mortar formulation layer on a layer from this hard wet formulation. This minimum time 5 corresponds to a compressive strength of the preceding layer becoming hard, greater than or equal to 0.1 MPa.

    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
     10
    BIND -A-
    The binder -A- according to the invention is preferably mineral and comprises at least one primary binder A1 and possibly at least one secondary binder -A4-, different from the binder -A1-.
     fifteen
    -A1- Primary Binder
    The primary binder -A1- comprises lime and / or at least one source of calcium alumina and / or a source of calcium sulfate.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the primary binder A1 comprises lime and at least one source of alumina. twenty
    In a remarkable variant of this preferred embodiment, the dry mass ratio [(alumina source) / (lime)] is less than or equal to - in an increasing order of preference - 2.3; 2.1; 1.9; 1.7; 1.5; 1.3; 1.1; 0.9.
    Lime is an aerial and / or hydraulic lime.
    The air lime contemplated is of the type of those conforming to the norm NF EN 459-1, 25 preferably chosen from the group comprising -ideally constituted of -:
    - a calcium lime (CL) containing calcium oxide (CaO) and / or calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) whose sum CaO + MgO is at least 70% and the tenor in MgO <5%;
    - Dolomite lime (DL) containing calcium and magnesium oxide (CaO MgO) and / or 30 mg and calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2Mg (OH) 2) whose sum CaO + MgO is at least 80%, and the tenor in MgO varies from 5% to more than 30%>.
    - or their mixtures.
    The aerial lime used can be presented in various forms such as a paste, a powder or, for quicklime, the rock itself. 35
    The hydraulic lime referred to is of the type conforming to NF EN 459-1.
    Any mixture of lime of any kind whatsoever, in any form, may contain the composition of the invention.
     The alumina source is preferably chosen from the following species: calcium aluminate-based cements (CAC), calcium sulfo-aluminate-based cements (CSA), high tenor binders in 5 alumina-rich cementitious phases or mixtures of these species taken alone or together.
    According to one variant, the source of alumina is chosen from the following species: prompts cements (for example, natural prompts cements), geopolymer cements, slags, calcium aluminate based cements (CAC), cements based of calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA) or mixtures of these 10 species taken alone or together.
    According to another variant, the alumina source is selected from the hydraulic binders comprising:
    or at least one phase chosen from C3A, CA, C12A7, C11A7CaF2, C4A3 $ (yee lemita), C2A (1-x) Fx (with C → CaO; A → Al2O3; F → Fe2O3 and x which belongs to [0, one]),
    or hydraulic amorphous phases that have a C / A molar ratio between 0.3 and 15,
    or and such that the accumulated tenors in Al2O3 of these phases are between: 20
     3 and 70% by weight of the total hydraulic binder,
     preferably between 7 and 50% by weight,
     and better between 20 and 30% by weight.
    CACs are cements that comprise a C4A3 $, CA, C12A7, C3A or C11A7CaF2 mineralogical phase or mixtures thereof, such as, for example, Fondu® Cements, 25 sulfoaluminous cements, calcium aluminate cements conforming to European standard NF EN 14647 of December 2006, the cement obtained from the clinker described in patent application WO 2006/018569 or mixtures thereof.
    Sulfoaluminous clinkers are obtained from a mixture of calcium carbonate in calcareous form, bauxite or another source of alumina (for example dross by-product) and calcium sulfate, which is either gypsum, anhydrite or hemihydrate or mixtures The specific component at the end of the manufacturing process is Yeelimite, C4A3 $. In particular, Prompt cements or sulfoaluminous cements containing Yeelimite content between 3% and 70% can be used, which can be marketed by Vicat, Italcementi, Lafarge-Holcim, Polar 35 Bear, Liu Jiu, Readerfast.
    For example, a natural cement prompt is made up of a clinker that contains:
    - from 0% to 35% of C3S;
    - from 10% to 60% of C2S;
    - from 1% to 12% of C4AF;
    - from 1% to 10% of C3A; 5
    - from 5% to 50% of CaCO3 (calcite);
    - from 10% to 15% of Ca5 (SiO4) 2CO3 (spurrite);
    - from 3 to 10%) of sulfate phases: yeelemite (C4A 3 $), Langbeinite K2Mg2 (SO4) 3, anhydrite (C $); Y
    - 10 to 20%) of lime, periclase, quartz and / or one or more amorphous phases. 10
    According to another variant, the alumina source is selected from the hydraulic binders comprising an alumina tenor (expressed in Al2O3) within the following ranges -in% by dry weight and in an increasing order of preference- [20; 70]; [25; 65]; [30; 72]; [35; 58].
    Advantageously, the source of calcium sulfate is chosen from the anhydrides, plasters, calcium semihydrates, supersulfated cements and mixtures thereof.
    The source of calcium sulfate, natural or synthetic, is chosen among the anhydrides, plasters, calcium semihydrates or mixtures of these species taken alone or together.
    -A2-Water retention agent 20
    Preferably, the water retainer -A2- is provided with a water retention greater than or equal to - according to an increasing order of preference - 50, 60, 70, 80, 90%, according to the method of measurement of the retention M2, being this water retainer chosen preferably from among the polysaccharides, and, more preferably even within the group comprising - or even better constituted by - cellulose or starch ethers and mixtures thereof; uloses, hydroxyethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, methylhydroxypropylcelluloses, methylhydroxyethylcelluloses and mixtures thereof; guar ethers modified or not and mixtures thereof; or the mixture of these different species.
    The water retention agent A2 preferably has a 2% viscosity in water, measured with a rotavisco RV100 HAAKE viscometer, shear rate of 2.55 30 s-1 at 20 ° C, between 5000 and 7000 cp, preferably between 20,000 and 50,000.
    The water retainer A2 has the property of conserving the kneading water before setting. The water is thus maintained in the mortar or concrete paste, which gives it a very good adhesion and good hydration. To a certain extent, it is less absorbed on the support, surface release is limited and thus there is little evaporation.
    -A3- Surfactant
    The surfactants are preferably chosen from:
    i. sources of anionic surfactants such as, for example, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkaryl sulphonates, alkylsuccinates, alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylsarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, 5 and alpha olephinsulfonates, preferably sodium lauryl sulfate,
    ii. Non-ionic surfactants of the type ethoxylated fatty alcohols, mono or di alkyl alkanolamides, alkyl polyglycosides,
    iii. Amphoteric surfactants such as alkylamino oxides, alkyl betaines, alkyl amido propyl betaine, alkyl sulfobetaines, alkyl glycinates, alkyl 10 amphotropionates, alkyl amidopropylhydroxysultaines.
    iv. polyether polyols, hydrocarbon molecules, silicone molecules, hydrophobic esters,
    v. nonionic surfactants,
    saw. the polyoxyranos, 15
    vii. or their mixtures;
    As ionic surfactants, the alkyl ether sulphonates, the hydroxy alkyl ether sulphonates, the alpha olefinsulfonates, the alkylbenzene sulphonates, the alkyl ester sulphonates, the alkyl ether sulfates, the hydroxy alkyl ether sulfates, the alpha olefin sulfates alkylbenzenesulfates, alkylamides 20 sulfates, as well as their alkoxylated derivatives (in particular ethoxylated (0E) and / or propoxylated (OP)), the corresponding salts or mixtures thereof. As ionic surfactants, it is also possible to mention in a non-limiting manner the salts of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and / or their alkoxylated derivatives in particular (0E) and / or (OP) (such as sodium laurate, palmitate sodium or sodium stearate, sodium oleate), sulphonated methyl and / or sodium laureates, alkylglycerol sulfonates, sulphonated polycarboxylic acids, paraffin sulphonates, N-acyl N-alkyl restaurant, alkyl phosphates, alkylsuccinamates, aquylsulfosuccinates, monoesters or diesters of sulphosuccinates, alkyl glucoside sulfates. PA12011 FR By way of non-ionic surfactants, 30 ethoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated alkylphenols (in particular (0E) and / or (OP)), aliphatic alcohols more particularly in 08-022, may be mentioned in a non-limiting manner products resulting from the condensation of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with propylene glycol or ethylene glycol, products resulting from the condensation of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with ethylenediamine, alkoxylated fatty acid amides (in particular ( 0E) and / or (OP)), alkoxylated amines (in particular (0E) and / or (OP)),
    alkoxylated amidoamines (in particular (0E) and / or (OP)), amine oxides, alkoxylated terpenic hydrocarbons (in particular (0E) and / or (OP)), alkyl polyglycosides, amphiphilic polymers or oligomers, alcohols ethoxylates, sorbitan esters or ethoxylated sorbitan esters. As amphoteric surfactants, betaines, derivatives of imidazoline, polypeptides or lipoamino acids can be mentioned in a non-limiting manner. More particularly, the betaines that agree according to the invention can be chosen from cocamidopropyl betaine, dodecyl betaine, hexadecyl betaine, octadecyl betaine, phospholipids and their derivatives, amino acid esters, water soluble proteins, water soluble protein esters and mixtures thereof. As a cationic surfactant, it is also possible to mention, in a non-limiting manner, amino-laurate oxide, aminopropyl cocoate oxide, amphipropyl carboxy glycinate, lauryl propionate, betaine lauryl, talloyl bis 2-hydroxyethyl betaine According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the nonionic foaming agent may be associated with at least one anionic or cationic or amphoteric foaming agent. fifteen
    As amphiphilic surfactants, non-limiting polymers, oligomers or copolymers at least miscible in the aqueous phase can be mentioned. The amphiphilic polymers or oligomers may have a statistical distribution or a multi-block distribution. The amphiphilic polymers or oligomers used according to the invention are chosen from the block polymers comprising at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, the hydrophilic block being obtained from at least one non-ionic and / or anionic monomer. By way of example of such polymers or amphiphilic oligomers, mention may be made in particular of polysaccharides having hydrophobic groups, in particular alkyl, polyethylene glycol groups and their derivatives. PA12011 FR By way of example of amphiphilic polymers or oligomers, it is also possible to cite polyhydroxy stearate-polyethylene glycol-polyhydroxy stearate triblock polymers, branched or unbranched acrylic polymers, or hydrophobic polyacacrylamide polymers.
    With regard to the more particularly alkoxylated nonionic amphiphilic polymers (in particular (OE) and / or (OP)), the latter are more particularly chosen from among the polymers of which at least one part (at least 50% by mass) ) is miscible in water. As examples of polymers of this type, there may be mentioned among others the polyetylene glycol / polypropylene glycol / polyethylene glycol triblock polymers. Preferably, the foaming agent used according to the invention is a protein, in particular a protein of animal origin, more particularly keratin, or a protein of plant origin, more particularly a protein
    Water soluble wheat, rice, soy or cereal. By way of example, mention may be made of wheat protein hydrolyzate sodium laurate, oat protein hydrolyzate laurate, or apple amino acid sodium cocoate. Preferably, the foaming agent used according to the invention is a protein whose molecular weight is comprised of 300 to 50,000 Daltons. The foaming agent 5 is used according to the invention at a rate of 0.001 to 2, preferably 0.01 to 1, more preferably 0.005 to 0.2% by mass of foaming agent with respect to the mass of the binder.
    -A4- Secondary binder
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition 10 comprises at least one secondary binder -A4-, different from the binder -A1-, and chosen from portland cements, slags, geopolymer cements, natural pozzolans, silicates sodium, potassium silicates, lithium silicates, organic binders or mixtures thereof.
    For example, a suitable Portland artificial cement by way of secondary binder 15 A4, comprises
    - from 20% to 95% of a clinker containing:
    • from 50% to 80% of C3S;
    • from 4% to 40% of C2S;
    • from 0% to 20% of C4AF; and 20
    • from 0% to 2% of C 3A;
    - from 0% to 4% of $;
    - from 0%) to 80%) of blast furnace slag, silica smoke, pozzolanas and / or fly ash.
    According to a variant, A4 is an organic binder selected from the group comprising -ideally constituted by-: redispersible polymer powders, epoxy (co) polymers, (co) polyurethanes, and mixtures thereof.
     According to a remarkable feature of the invention, the composition further comprises:
    - -A5 - a mineral load of granulometry d90 less than 100 µm; 30
    - -A6 - a mineral loading of d90 granulometry spacing greater than or equal to 100 µm;
    - and, possibly one or more adjuvants.

    -A5- mineral lubricant load 35
    The mineral loading of granulometry d90 less than 100 µm is preferably chosen
     between natural and synthetic silicate minerals and, more preferably even between clays, micas, kaolins and metacaolins, silica fumes, fly ash and mixtures thereof, 5
     between calcareous or silico-calcareous fillers
     among the flying ashes,
     or between their mixtures.
    -A6- mineral spacing load
    The mineral loading of spacing of granulometry d90 greater than or equal to 10 100 µm, is preferably chosen among the siliceous, calcareous or silico-calcareous sands, the light loads, which are more particularly chosen among the expanded vermiculite or not, the expanded perlite or no, expanded or non-expanded glass spheres [hollow glass spheres (type 3M®) or expanded glass granules (Poraver®, Liaver®)], silica aerogels, expanded or not expanded polystyrene, the 15 cenospheres (phyllites) , hollow alumina spheres, expanded clays or not, pumice stones, silicate foam grains, rhyolite (Noblite®), or mixtures thereof.
    -A7- water repellent adjuvant
    The water repellent is preferably chosen from the group comprising or better still consisting of the fluorinated, silanisated, silicone, siloxanized agents, the 20 metal salts of fatty acids and their mixtures, preferably between the sodium, potassium and / or magnesium salts of the acids oleic and / or stearic and mixtures thereof.
    -A8- setting retarder adjuvant
    The setting retarder is preferably chosen from the group comprising or better still consisting of calcium chelating agents, carboxylic acids and their salts, polysaccharides and their derivatives, phosphonates, lignosulfonates, phosphates, borates, and salts of lead, zinc, copper, arsenic and antimony, and more particularly between tartaric acid and its salts, preferably its sodium or potassium salts, citric acid and its salts, preferably its sodium salt (trisodium citrate), sodium gluconates; sodium phosphates; sulfates and their sodium or potassium salts, and mixtures thereof.
    -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant:
    The setting accelerator is preferably chosen from the group comprising or better still consisting of the alkaline and alkaline earth salts of hydroxides, halides, nitrates, nitrites, carbonates, thiocyanates, sulfates, 35 thiosulfates, perchlorates, de silica, aluminum, and / or between carboxylic acids and
    hydrocarboxylic acids and their salts, alkanolamines, silicate insoluble compounds such as smoking silicas, fly ash or natural pozzolans, silicate quaternary ammoniums, finely divided mineral compounds such as silica gels or calcium and / or magnesium carbonates finely divided, and their mixtures; this complementary setting accelerator (e) 5 being preferably chosen from the group comprising or better still consisting of chlorides and their sodium or calcium salts; carbonates and their sodium or lithium salts, sulfates and their sodium or potassium salts, calcium hydroxides and formates and mixtures thereof;
    -A10- thickener adjuvant: 10
    A10 is an adjuvant other than A2 that allows to improve the threshold of pouring of the mortar (adhesion in load).
    Preferably, this thickener adjuvant is chosen from the group comprising or better still consisting of polysaccharides and their derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols, mineral thickeners, linear polyacrylamides and mixtures thereof. fifteen
    -Binder A compositions:
    In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the binder A comprises - in% by weight / dry weight and in an increasing order of preference:
     -A1- primary binder: [5-95]; [10-85]; [15-75]; twenty
    Which one:
    or lime: [10-95]; [20-70]; [30-60];
    o source of alumina and / or source of calcium sulfate:
     [0-90]; [5-30]; [7-15];
     -A2- water retention agent: [0.1 - 5]; [0.5-3]; [0.8-2]; 25
     -A3- surfactant [0-2]; [0.01-1]; [0.05-0.5];
     -A4- secondary binder [0-85]; [5-50]; [7-15];
     -A5- mineral load of granulometry d90 less than 100µm: [0 - 40]; [0-30]; [0-20];
     -A6- mineral load of spacing of granulometry d90 greater than or equal to 30 100µm: [0 - 40]; [0-35]; [0-30];
     -A7- water-repellent adjuvant: [0 - 1.5]; [0-1]; [0-0.5];
     -A8- setting retarder adjuvant: [0 –3]; [0-2]; [0-1];
     -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0-2]; [0-1];
     -A10- thickener adjuvant: [0-2]; [0.1-1]; [0.2– 0.8]. 35

    In another embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the binder A comprises - in% by weight / dry weight and in an increasing order of preference:
     -A1- primary binder: [5-95]; [10-85]; [15-75];
    Of which: 5
    or lime: [10-95]; [20-70]; [30-60];
    o source of alumina and / or source of calcium sulfate:
     [1-90]; [5-30]; [7-15];
     -A2- water retention agent: [0.1 - 5]; [0.5-3]; [0.8-2];
     -A3-surfactant: [0.01-1]; [0.05-0.5]; 10
     -A4- secondary binder [0-85]; [5-50]; [7-15];
     -A5- mineral load of granulometry d90 less than 100µm: [0 - 40]; [0-30]; [0-20];
     -A6- mineral load of spacing of granulometry d90 greater than or equal to 100µm: [0 - 40]; [0-35]; [0-30]; fifteen
     -A7- water-repellent adjuvant: [0 - 1.5]; [0-1]; [0-0.5];
     -A8- setting retarder adjuvant: [0 –3]; [0-2]; [0-1];
     -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0-2]; [0-1];
     -A10- thickener adjuvant: [0-2]; [0.1-1]; [0.2– 0.8].
     twenty
    -B- BIOLOGICAL BASE LOAD
    This typical biological base charge of the compositions according to the invention is of animal or plant origin, preferably vegetable.
    When it is of vegetable origin, the filler -B- is essentially composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin, said filler preferably comprising
     at least one component - fibers, fibrils, dust (poussières), dust (poudre), shavings-
     where said component is:
     from at least a part of at least one plant raw material,
     in at least one particular form, 30
     where this vegetable raw material is preferably chosen from the group comprising - or better still consisting of - hemp, flax, cereal straw, oats, rice, corn, rapeseed, corn, sorghum, flax agramizas, miscanthus (elephant grass), rice, sugar cane, sunflower, kenaf, coconut nut, olive bone, bamboo, wood (eg wood pellets, for example crumbled spruce), sisal, cork (spheres) or mixtures thereof.
    As examples of components of plant raw materials, one can cite: grain, trunk, branch, leaf, flower, fruit, seed (noyau), stem, pod, bale, chala, bagasse, broom, ...
    As examples of particular forms of plant raw materials, we can mention: fibers, fibrils, dust (poussières), dust (poudre), shavings, hairs, 5 agramizas,…
    These plant raw materials are natural porous and rich in organic matter (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin ...). They are produced by industrial methods of shredding, grinding, crushing, separation.
    The biological base charge -B-, preferably of plant origin, is advantageously constituted by particles of varied shapes.
    According to the invention, at least two categories of loads (B1, B2) are distinguished according to their particular forms:
    - B1: acicular particles, of which in particular: hemp, hemp, flax, cereal straw, oat straw, rice straw, rapeseed, 15 corn stalk bark, cotton, sorghum, flax hives, miscanthus, rice , sugarcane, sunflower, kenaf, coconut nut, olive bone, bamboo, wood (eg wood pellets for example crumbled spruce), sisal,,
    - B2: non-acicular particles, of which in particular corn husk, cork granules. twenty
    To favor the "pumpability" and the homogeneity of the wet composition ready for application on a vertical or horizontal support or in a formwork or a mold, it is interesting that the charge particles -B-, preferably of plant origin, are non-acicular (B2), that is, for example, granular and rounded. 25
    According to a variant, a filler of plant origin of the composition according to the invention contains acicular particles of hemp type, flaxen agramizas, etc.

    INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS
    A subject of the invention is also a new product, a binder -A-30 for partially biobased building materials, this particular binder being intended for the composition according to the invention.
    Preferably, this binder A according to the invention comprises - in% by weight / dry weight and in an increasing order of preference -:
     -A1- primary binder: [5-95]; [10-85]; [15-75]; 35
    Which one:
    or lime: [10-95]; [20-70]; [30-60];
    o source of alumina and / or source of calcium sulfate:
     [1-90]; [5-30]; [7-15];
     -A2- water retention agent: [0.1 - 5]; [0.5-3]; [0.8-2];
     -A3-surfactant: [0.01-1]; [0.05-0.5]; 5
     -A4- secondary binder [0-85]; [5-50]; [7-15];
     -A5- mineral load of granulometry d90 less than 100µm: [0 - 40]; [0-30]; [0-20];
     -A6- mineral load of spacing of granulometry d90 greater than or equal to 100µm: [0 - 40]; [0-35]; [0-30]; 10
     -A7- water-repellent adjuvant: [0 - 1.5]; [0-1]; [0-0.5];
     -A8- setting retarder adjuvant: [0 –3]; [0-2]; [0-1];
     -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0-2]; [0-1];
     -A10- thickener adjuvant: [0-2]; [0.1-1]; [0.2– 0.8].
     fifteen
    The invention also relates to a new product, a kit comprising the above-mentioned binder -A- and the vegetable load -B- as defined above.

    WET COMPOSITION 20
    According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a wet construction composition formed by a mixture of the dry composition according to the invention, mixed with a liquid, preferably water.
    According to a remarkable feature of the invention, this wet composition is pumpable in a screw pump with an air gap (E) between rotor (20) 25 and stator (18) between 4 and 30 mm. References refer to the unique figure attached.
    Such an air gap preferably corresponds to a commercial shirt of type 2L6 or 2R6.
     30
    PREPARATION PROCEDURE FOR THIS HUMID COMPOSITION
    A subject of the present invention is also a process for preparing the wet composition as defined above. This process consists of mixing a liquid, preferably water, to the dry construction composition as defined above, advantageously in a mass ratio.
    [water / Binder -A-] greater than or equal to 0.8, preferably greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.5.
    This mixture can be made with any conventional device appropriate and known to the expert.
    It can be a planetary or fixed shaft mixer (vertical or horizontal) 5 or a concrete mixer. The mixing device may or may not be installed directly on the machine that has the screw pump and allows the application by projection or pouring of the wet composition.

    PUMPING AND PROJECTION MACHINE FOR THE HUMID COMPOSITION OF 10 CONSTRUCTION MENTIONED ABOVE
    The machines considered here are "screw pumps", preferably:
     of the type used for the projection of facade cladding (such as Lancy PHB-R, Bunker S8 Smart, Urban Volta, Spritz S28R, Spritz S38, Turbosol UNI30, Putzmeister SP11, S5 or SP5); fifteen
     or concrete pumps (type Bunker B100).
    Patent application WO 97/45461 A1 describes an example of this type of "screw pump". The latter generally comprises a suction chamber and a discharge port disposed respectively at the ends of a stator, inside which a single helical rotor is arranged to cooperate with a double helix stator. The stator is preferably constituted by an elastomeric material, while the rotor 18 is advantageously metallic. The latter is mobile in rotation around its axis by means of appropriate traction and transmission means. US Patents No. 2512764 and No. 2612845 are examples, among others, of sources of information on the detailed structure of these 25 screw pumps.
    The attached single figure shows a simplified scheme of a screw pump comprising a stator tube 16, a stator 20 crossed by an interior space 36 in which a rotor 18. is rotatable in rotation. This stator tube 16 / stator 20 has a suction end 32 and a discharge end or discharge port 30 34. From the moment the rotor 18 rotates inside the interior space 36 of the stator 20, cavities 30 are formed between the rotor 18 and the stator 20. These cavities 30 progress from the suction end 32 to the discharge end or port 34. The cavities 30 have a length defined by the passage of the rotor propeller 18 and by a maximum height or air gap E shown in the single figure. This air gap E 35 can for example vary between 1 and 50 mm, preferably 4 to 30 mm.
    This set of stator tube 16 / stator 20 / rotor 18 is also called jacket.
    Shirts / stators usually mounted on machines for projecting facade cladding are, for example, of type "2L6" or 2R6 or type 2R8 (compatible with Bunker B100 concrete pump) 5

    PROCEDURE FOR APPLYING THIS HUMID COMPOSITION
    A subject of the present invention is also a method of applying the wet composition as defined above (steps 1; 2; and 3 ° {3.1 °; 3.2 ° or 3.3 °}):
    Preferably, the application of the wet mortar is carried out by projection by means of a projection machine called "plaster" which has a screw pump.
    - For a biological base load -B- smaller than 10 mm, the projection machine is advantageously a machine of type S5, SP5, SP11 from Putzmeister, 15 S8, S28R, S38 from Bunker, PH9B or PH9B-Rde Lancy , or Talent DMR from Turbosol, this machine comprises a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator type 2L6 or 2R6.
    - For a biological base load -B- of a size greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than 30 mm, the projection machine is advantageously a machine of type 20 B100 and CL18 of Bunker, SP20 of Putzmeister, TB20 of Lancy or Silant 300 CL of Turbosol, this machine comprises a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator type 2L8 or 2R8.

    1 ° Preparation of a mixture of liquid -preferably water- and of the dry composition according to the invention.
    The mortar is mixed in the machine tank when the latter has one, or in a concrete mixer according to the following descriptive, preferably:
    -a- Mixing 100 l of the biobased load -B- with the kneading water (total water decreased by approximately 2 l) 30 for at least 1 min.
    -b- Introduction of the entire binder then mixed for approximately 5 min with viscosity adjustment by eventual addition of water. The viscosity obtained from the mortar must allow a good discharge into the pumping tank (placing the mortar under its own weight at 35
    horizontal shape) maintaining a threshold that allows an adhesion in load of 5 cm.
    -c- Transfer of kneading in the screw pump tank.

    2nd Pumping of the mixture prepared in stage 1, using a 5 screw pump
    Projection machines called "plaster" generally contain a pumping tube of the wet mortar formulation, above the screw pump and below it a projection tube whose free end is equipped with a projection lance. 10
    Preferably, prior to the start-up of the screw pump, a binder slip (eg between 1 to 50 kg, approximately 10 kg) is preferably introduced into the pumping tube in order to "grease" and "lubricate" said tube.
    The adjustment of the screw pump is advantageously carried out previously with 15 water for a pressure for example of 1 to 20 bars: approximately 5 bars for a 2L6 jacket or 1 to 20 bars: approximately 3 bars for a 2L8 sleeve.
    For a 2L6 or 2R6 jacket, the projection tube contains, for example, a first inner section part of eg. 15 to 50 mm: 35 mm over a length of e.g. 5 to 30 m: approximately 13 m, and a second part of inner section of 20 ex. 15 to 50 mm: 25 mm and length of ex. 1 to 10 m: 5m.
    For a 2L8 or 2R8 jacket, the projection tube has for example an inner section of 50 mm over a length of 10 m.

    3rd Projection of the mixture prepared in step 1 25
    For projection, the projection lance is advantageously fed with compressed air.

    Hardened MORTARS
    The invention relates to hardened mortars obtained from the wet composition referred to above. These hardened mortars advantageously have a thermal conductivity  lambda less than or equal to –in W / m.K and in an increasing order of preference - 0.15; 0.12; 0.1; 0.08; 0.07

    ITE / ITI 35 SYSTEMS
    The invention relates to a system of External Thermal Insulation -ITE- or Internal Thermal Insulation -ITI- comprising hardened mortar as mentioned above and applied in layer (s) over a total thickness between 2 and 30 cm, preferably between 5 and 15 cm and covered by a waterproofing coating of a minimum thickness of 10 mm. This system is characterized 5 because the hardened mortar comprises lime and at least one source of alumina and because it satisfies the test according to the EOTA ETAG004 standard within the framework of an ITE.
    The waterproofing coating is advantageously in accordance with NF EN 998-1. It is preferably chosen among the OC1. It is, for example, applied after a minimum of 24 hours after the application of the last pass of mortar 10 based on biological insulation.

    CONSTRUCTION OR CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
    The invention also relates to construction works obtained after application by projection or by molding or by assembly carried out in situ, of 15 prefabricated objects from the composition according to the invention.
    Further details and advantageous features of the invention will emerge from the description of embodiments of the invention.

    EXAMPLES 20

    T1 PUMPABILITY TEST:
    The T1 test consists of carrying out a passage test of a wet formulation obtained from the mortar composition to be tested, in a plaster projection machine equipped with a screw pump. 25
    - For a biological base load of category B2 or less than or equal to 10 mm in size, a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator of type 2L6 mounted on a machine of type SP11 of Putzmeister is used,
    - For a biological base load of category B1 and of a size greater than 10 mm and less than 30 mm, a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator 30 2L8 mounted on a Bunker B100 machine is used, with an integrated mixer.
    The mortar is mixed in the machine tank as follows:
    1. Mixing 100 l of biobased load -B- with almost all the kneading water for 1 min, knowing that water on A is between 0.8 and 5.
    2. Introduction of the entire binder -A- then mixed for 5 min with adjustment of the viscosity by eventually adding a small amount of water, so that the viscosity of the mortar obtained allows it to be poured into the pumping tank of the screw pump, and this in less than a minute.
    3. Transfer of kneading in the screw pump tank. 5
    4. Prior adjustment of the screw pump by adjustment, by passing water in the jacket, to obtain at the outlet of the jacket a pressure of approximately 5 bars for a 2L6 jacket or approximately 3 bars for a 2L8 jacket.
    5. Kneading pumping present in the screw pump tank. 10

    The composition to be tested is considered pumpable, in the absence of obstruction of the screw pump, that is to say a verification of non-expulsion of wet mortar formulation at the exit of the screw pump or in the case of verification of phase separation between the -B-biological-based load and phase 15 binder, at the screw pump outlet.
    By "no expulsion", a wet formulation outlet is understood for at least 30 minutes, in an amount less than one liter.
    By "phase separation" is meant the separation between the interstitial liquid and the granular phase of the mortar. The clogging or jamming of the pump is a consequence of the separation between the liquid phase and the granular network at the time of product passage in a confined space. This phase separation will generate the appearance of direct contact between granules (in particular the charge particles -B-), hence the obstruction.
    This test is performed at room temperature and atmosphere. 25

    METHOD OF MEASUREMENT M1 THAT GIVES THE TIME OF "STRENGTHENING" OF A BIOLOGICAL BASED MORTAR AND THAT ALLOWS TO ESTIMATE THE RECOVERABILITY TERM
    The recoverability term is related to the hardening of the biobased mortar 30. The hardening time corresponds to an acquisition of compressive strength (NF EN 1015-11) greater than or equal to 0.1 MPa, which allows the demolding of a 4x4x16 cm model.
    Protocol:
    1. The product is kneaded with a vertical axis 35 planetary mixer specified by NF EN 196-1.
    a) Vegetable load B is mixed with almost all of the kneading water for 1 min, at a speed of 120 turns / min, knowing that water on A is between 0.8 and 5.
    b) The binder is added then mixed for 300 s at a speed of 120 turns / min. The viscosity is adjusted by the eventual addition of a small amount of water, so that the kneaded mortar can be poured into a stage 2 mold in less than 30 s.
    2. After kneading the mortar is molded into 4x4x16 cm metal molds.
    3. The specimens are then stored at 20 ° C and 50% RH. 10
    4. The "hardening" time corresponds to the moment when the cohesion of the specimen allows its demoulding without damage.
    By "damage", fissure and / or partial or total rupture of the specimen is understood.

    M2 METHOD OF MEASURING THE WATER RETENTION TIME OF A 15 BIOLOGICAL BASED MORTAR
    This method M2 corresponds to an adaptation of the so-called filter method.
    Equipment:
     Metal mold. twenty
    Interior Dimensions:
    High diameter: 100 + 5 mm.
    Bottom diameter: 80 +/- 5 mm.
    Height: 25 + 1 mm.
    External dimensions: 25
    Diameter: 120 +/- 5 mm.
    Height: 30 + 1 mm.
    Spatula
    Crockery plate (dimension: approximately 120 mm x 5 mm)
     Precision balance 0.01 g 30
     100 mm filter paper. in diameter (Schleicher type or filter-Lab 0965 NW 25 L): separation filter.
    (i). 100 mm filter paper. in diameter (Schleicher 2294 or the S-Type 600 Lab-filter)
    Protocol: 35
    1. The sample is prepared according to the mixing mode described in the T2 test.
    2. Weigh the empty and dry mold  mA.
    3. Weigh the Schleicher 2294 filter paper or the S-Type 600-Lab filter  mB.
    4. Fill the mold with the hemp mortar with the help of a spatula, 5 slightly exceed to ensure a contact of the filter and the paste.
    5. Weigh the full mold  mC.
    6. Cover the paste with the separation filter paper (Schleicher type or filter-Lab 0965 NW 25 L) and then place the 2294 or S-600 filter on the assembly. 10
    7. Place the crockery plate on the set and turn everything, start the stopwatch, the test time is 15 minutes.
    8. After 15 minutes, recover the 2294 or S-600 filter paper and weigh it  mD.
    Expression of results: 15
    Calculation 1: mass of water contained in the product
    Magua = ((mC-mA) * Tg%) / (100 + Tg%)
    Calculation 2: product water loss
     water = (mD-mB)
    Calculation 3: Water retention in% 20
    R% = ((Magua - agua) / Magua) * 100

    EN 1015-8: Methods of test for mortar masonry - Part 8: Determination of water retentivity of fresh mortar. (September 1999)
    - RAW MATERIALS 25
    BINDING TO
    A1:
    HYDRAULIC CAL HL 3,5 LAFARGE.
    SULFOALUMINOUS CEMENT, I. TECH ALICEM, ITALCEMENTI;
    A2: 30
    CULMINAL C8367, WATER RETAINING AGENT, CELLULOSE HYDROXYETHYLL METHOD, VISCOSITY 32000-40000 M.PA.S, ASHLAND AQUALON;
    A3:
     NANSA LSS 495 / H, SURFACTANT, ALFA SODIUM OLEPHINSULPHONATE, 35 HUNTSMAN;
    TO 5:
     SMOKING SILICE RW SILICIUM GMBH;
    A6:
    - PORAVER, EXPANDED GLASS GRANULATE, GRANULAR SIZE IN MM 01-03, PORAVER GMBH; 5
    - ARENA SILICEA, DU 0.1 / 0.4 SIBELCO FRANCE
    A7:
    OPTIGEL WM, ORGANICALLY MODIFIED BENTONITE, ROCKWOOD ADDITIVES.
     10
    LOAD -B-:
    Construction hemp "KANABAT": Particular form of category B1, variable particle size between 10 and 30 mm.

    COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1: Formula according to the prior art (example Tradical® 15 PF70).
    Tradical PF70 of the company Balthazard et Cotte Batiment (Lhoist group) mainly comprises approximately 75% hydraulic lime, 15% hydraulic binder and 10% pozzolanic.
    The conclusions of the test according to test T1 are:
    - Obstruction of the machine due to a separation of the phases. The retention according to T3 is less than 90%;
    - Hardening time greater than 48h measured according to T2.

     COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE  one
     Projection machine  BUNKER B100
     Associated shirt  2L8
     Descriptive of the formula  Previous art TRADICAL PF70
     Binding Matrix [kg]  33
     B. Cargo labeled «construction hemp» KANABAT: Volume [L] Mass [kg]     100 10
     Volume / weight ratio Load B / Binder A [L / kg]  3.03
     Weight / weight ratio Load B / Binder A [kg / kg]  0.3
     Water [L]  42
     COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE  one
     Mass ratio Water / Binder A  1.27
     Binding Matrix Composition
     To binder  TRADICAL PF70 (BCB) 100%
     Application Comments
     Passage machine / pumping test T1  Pump obstruction / phase separation
     Properties hardened state
     Density [kg / m3]  -
     Thermal conductivity [W / mK]  -

    EXAMPLES 2, 3, 4
    In these examples, dry hemp mortar compositions have the same B / binder A [L / kg] load ratio. They are applied with a machine to project equipped with a screw pump (BUNKER B100) with associated jacket 2L8. 5 All these compositions are pumpable according to T1.

     EXAMPLES  2. 3. 4
     Projection machine  BUNKER B100 BUNKER B100 BUNKER B100
     Associated shirt  2L8 2L8 2LB
     Descriptive of the formula  Without mineral spacing loads With mineral spacing loads With mineral spacing loads
     Binding Matrix [kg]  25 25 25
     B. Cargo labeled «construction hemp» KANABAT: Volume [L] Mass [kg]        100 10 100 10 100 10
     Volume / weight ratio Load B / Binder A [L / kg]  4 4 4
     Weight / weight ratio Load B / Binder A [kg / kg]  0.4 0.4 0.4
     Water [L]  38 38 34
     Mass water / binder ratio  1.52 1.52 1.36
     Binding Matrix Composition
     A.1 Primary mineral binder  Hydraulic Lime HL 3.5 (Lafarge) 80% 87.88% 67.88%
     EXAMPLES  2. 3. 4
     A.2 Water retainer  MHEC CULMINALC8367 (Ashland) 1.5% 1.13% 1.13%
     A.3 Surfactant  NANSA LSS 495 / H (Huntsman) 0.09% 0.09% 0.09%
     A.10 Thickening Adjuvant  OPTIGEL WM (Tolsa) 0.90% 0.90% 0.90%
     A.6 Mineral spacing load  PORAVER 01-03 7.89%
     Silicon sand DU 01-04        twenty%
     A.5 Lubricating mineral load  SMOKING SILICE 10% 10% 10%
     Application Comments
     Passage machine / pumping test T1  Passage correct machine Passage correct machine Passage correct machine
     Properties hardened state
     Density [kg / m3]  - 400 -
     Thermal conductivity [W / mK]  - 0.08 -

    EXAMPLES 5 and 6
    Examples of hemp mortar-based insulation systems subjected to aging tests according to the EOTA, ETAG004 outdoor thermal insulation standard for outdoor thermal insulation. The insulating systems 5 are composed of 10 cm of hemp mortar and a waterproof lime finish coating (PAREXAL - PAREXGROUP SA). Hemp mortars have the same Load B / Binder A (100 L / 25 kg) ratios but differ in their formula from Binder A.
    The formula of Example 6 differs from that of Example 5 only by the presence of 10% sulphoaluminous cement (I. Tech ALICEM).
    With the addition of a sulfoaluminous cement, the insulating system of Example 6 successfully passes the aging cycles described by ETAG 004 for ITE systems. The recoverability between 2 passes of hemp-based insulating mortar is 24h - 48h depending on the weather conditions instead of 3-7 days 15 for the formula of Example 5 without sulfoaluminous cement.
    The recoverability corresponds to the possibility of applying a new layer on an initial layer dry to the touch, in order to resist the deformation caused by the application of this new layer.

     EXAMPLES  5 6 Preferred example
     Projection machine  BUNKER B100 BUNKER B100
     Associated shirt  2L8 2L8
     Descriptive of the formula  Without CSA With CSA
     Binder A [kg]  25 25
     B. Cargo labeled "construction hemp" KANABAT: Volume [L] Mass [kg]     100 10 100 10
     Volume / weight ratio Load B / Binder A [L / kg]  4 4
     Weight / weight ratio Load B / Binder A [kg / kg]  0.4 0.4
     Water [L]  38 36
     Mass ratio Water / Binder A  1.52 1.44
     Binding Composition A
     A1. Primary mineral binder  Hydraulic Lime HL 3.5 (Lafarge) 68.78% 58.78%
     Sulfoaluminous Cement I. Tech ALICEM (Italcementi)     10%
     A2. Water retainer  MHEC CULMINALC8367 (Ashland) 1.13% 1.13%
     A3. Surfactant  NANSA LSS 495 / H (Huntsman) 0.09% 0.09%
     A6 Mineral spacing load  Silicon sand DU 0.1-0.4 20% 20%
     TO 5. Mineral load lubricant  SMOKING SILICE () 10% 10%
     Test walls carried out according to ETAG 004
     Hemp-based insulating mortar thicknesses  10 cm 10 cm
     Lime coating scratched finish (PAREXAL - PAREXGROUP SA)  1 cm 1 cm
     Recoverability period between hemp mortar passes  3-7 j 1-2 j
     Performance after aging cycles according to ETAG 004
     Cracks  Fissures appeared Does not appear
     EXAMPLES  5 6 Preferred example
     before and during aging cycles. The fissures pass through the finish coating to the insulating mortar.  no fissure at the end of cycles
     Adhesion [N / mm2]  0.026 0.22
     Validation of the insulating system according to ETAG 004  Unvalidated system: "structural" fissures (hemp mortar and finish) Validated system
     Passage machine / pumping test T1   Correct machine passage Correct machine passage

    EXAMPLES 7, 8, 9
    These examples show the impact of the B / A ratio (load / binder) on the thermal conductivity of the projected hemp-based insulating mortar. The compositions of examples 7, 8 and 9 give wet pumpable formulations according to test T1 and respectively have a B / A ratio of 4; 3.3 and 2.6.
    The compositions of examples 7, 8 and 9 have a hardening time measured according to method M1 of less than 24 hours.
    The composition of Example 7 allows to obtain a lambda value <0.1 W / (m.K). 10
    The decrease in the B / A ratio actually generates an increase in the thermal conductivity measured in the stored hot plate (Ambient T: 20 ° C; RH: 50%). In the case of a hemp-based mortar, the thermal conductivity is less than 0.1 W / m.K, if the ratio B / A (hemp B / binder A) is greater than 3.33.
     fifteen
     EXAMPLES  7 8 9
     Projection machine  BUNKER B100 BUNKER B100 BUNKER B100
     Associated shirt  2L8 2L8 2L8
     Binder A [kg]  25 30 37.5
     B. Cargo labeled «construction hemp» KANABAT: Volume [L] Mass [kg]        100 10 100 10 100 10
     Volume / weight ratio Load B /  4 3.33 2.6
     EXAMPLES  7 8 9
     Binder A [L / kg]
     Realization weight / weight Load B / Binder A [kg / kg]  0.4 0.33 0.27
     Water [L]  36 36 38
     Mass ratio Water / Binder A  1.44 1.2 1.01
     Binding Matrix Composition
     A.1 Primary mineral binder  Hydraulic Lime HL 3.5 (Lafarge) 58.78% 69.10% 89.51%
     Sulfoaluminous Cement I. Tech ALICEM (Italcementi) 10% 10% 10%
     A.2 Water retainer  MHEC CULMINALC8367 (Ashland) 1.13% 0.80% 0.40%
     A.3 Surfactant  NANSA LSS 495 / H (Huntsman) 0.09% 0.10% 0.09%
     A6 Mineral spacing load  Silicon sand DU 01-04 20% 20%
     TO 5. Mineral load lubricant  SILICUM SMOKE 10%
     Application Comments
     T1 machine / pumping passage  Passage correct machine Passage correct machine Passage correct machine
     Properties hardened state
     Density [kg / m3]  458 559 671
     Thermal conductivity [W / mK]: measurement performed on the hot plate.  0.074 0.100 0.114

    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]

    1- Composition of dry mortar, wet projectable, in particular by means of a screw pump, which allows the realization of an insulating mortar, characterized in that: 5
    (i). understands:
    -A- at least one binder that includes:
     -A1-at least one primary binder comprising lime and / or at least one source of alumina and / or at least one source of calcium sulfate, preferably at least one source of alumina; 10
     -A2- at least one water retention agent;
     -A3- preferably at least one surfactant;
    -B- at least one biobased charge, preferably of plant origin;
    where the ratio B / A -load volume -B- dry in liters / mass of binder -A- dry in kg- is between - according to an increasing order of preference - 15 2 and 9; 2,5 and 8; 4 and 7.9; 4.6 and 7.5 l / kg;
    (ii). it is intended to be kneaded with a liquid, preferably water, according to a mass water to A ratio between 0.8 and 5, preferably between 1 and 4, and, more preferably even between 1.5 and 3.5;
    (iii). once so kneaded, it is pumpable in a screw pump as defined in a pumpability test in a plaster projection machine equipped with a T1 screw pump.
    2- Composition according to claim 1 characterized, once kneaded with a liquid -preferably water- according to a mass ratio of water over A between 0.8 and 5, for a setting time, measured by an M1 method that gives time for hardening a mortar with a biological base and which allows to estimate the recoverability period, between 1 and 24 hours, preferably between 1 and 8 hours.
    3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the primary binder 30 A1 comprises lime and at least one source of alumina.
    4- Composition according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the alumina source is chosen from the following species: geopolymer cements, slags, prompts cements, aluminate-based cements 35
    of calcium (CAC), cements based on calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA) or mixtures of these species taken alone or together.
    5- Composition according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the water retainer -A2- is provided with a water retention greater than or equal to -according to an increasing order of preference- 50, 60, 70, 80, 90% , according to the method M2 of measuring the water retention time of a biobased mortar, this water retainer is preferably chosen among the polysaccharides, and, more preferably even from the group comprising - or better still constituted by - the ethers of cellulose or starch and mixtures thereof; methyl celluloses, hydroxypropyl celluloses, hydroxyethyl celluloses, methyl hydroxypropyl celluloses, methyl hydroxyethyl celluloses and mixtures thereof; guar ethers modified or not and mixtures thereof; or the mixture of these different species.
    6- Composition according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises at least one secondary binder -A4-, different from the binder -A1-, and chosen from the Portland cements, prompts cements, slags, geopolymer cements, natural pozzolans, sodium silicates, potassium silicates, lithium silicates, organic binders or mixtures thereof.
     twenty
    7. Composition according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the biobased base -B-, preferably of plant origin, is essentially composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin, wherein said load preferably comprises
     at least one component - fibers, fibrils, dust (poussières), dust (poudre) 25 chips -
     where that component comes from
     of at least one part, of at least one plant raw material,
     in at least one particular way,
     where this vegetable raw material is preferably chosen from the group that comprises - or better still consists of - hemp, flax, cereal straw, oats, rice, rapeseed, corn, sorghum, flax, miscanthus, rice, sugarcane, sunflower , kenaf, coconut nut, olive bone, bamboo, wood, or mixtures thereof.
    8- Binder -A- especially intended for the composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises - in% by weight / dry weight and in an increasing order of preference -:
     -A1- primary binder: [5-95]; [10-85]; [15-75];
    Of which: 5
    or lime: [10-95]; [20-70]; [30-60];
    o source of alumina and / or source of calcium sulfate:
     [1-90]; [5-30]; [7-15];
     -A2- water retention agent: [0.1 - 5]; [0.5-3]; [0.8-2];
     -A3-surfactant: [0.01-1]; [0.05-0.5]; 10
     -A4- secondary binder [0-85]; [5-50]; [7-15];
     -A5- mineral load of granulometry d90 less than 100µm: [0 - 40]; [0-30]; [0-20];
     -A6- mineral load of spacing of grain size d90 greater than or equal to 100µm: [0 - 40]; [0-35]; [0-30]; fifteen
     -A7- water-repellent adjuvant: [0 - 1.5]; [0-1]; [0-0.5];
     -A8- setting retarder adjuvant: [0 –3]; [0-2]; [0-1];
     -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0-2]; [0-1];
     -A10- thickener adjuvant: [0-2]; [0.1-1]; [0.2– 0.8].
     twenty
    9- Kit comprising the binder -A- according to claim 8 and the plant load -B- as defined in particular in claim 1 or 7.
    10- Wet composition obtained from the composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is pumpable in a machine equipped with a screw pump with an air gap (E) between rotor (20) and stator (18) between 4 and 30 mm.
    11- Hardened mortar obtained from the wet composition according to claim 10 characterized by a thermal conductivity  less than or equal to -in 30 W / m.K and according to an increasing order of preference - 0.15; 0.12; 0.1; 0.08; 0.07
    12- External Thermal Insulation System -ITE- or Interior Thermal Insulation -ITI- comprising hardened mortar according to claim 11 and applied in layer (s) over a total thickness between 2 and 30 cm, preferably between 5 and 15 cm 35 and covered by a 10 mm thick waterproofing coating
    minimum, characterized in that the hardened mortar comprises lime and at least one source of alumina and that said system satisfies the test according to the EOTA ETAG004 standard for the ITE.
    13- Application procedure of an insulating mortar comprising the following steps 5:
    1 ° preparation of a mixture of liquid -preferably of water- and of the dry composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, that is to say that it comprises the binder -A- and the load of vegetable origin -B-, in a water / binder mass ratio -A- which is indicated below, according to an increasing gradient of preference:
     [Water / A]  0.8; [Water / A]  1.0; [Water / A]  1.5;
     0.8 ≤ [Water / A] ≤ 5; 1 ≤ [Water / A] ≤ 4; 1, 5, 8 ≤ [Water / A] ≤ 3.5;
    2 ° preferably pumping the mixture prepared in step 1, by means of a screw pump; fifteen
    [3]
    3.1 ° projection of the mixture prepared in stage 1
     on a vertical or inclined support,
     for the purpose of filling the structure in wood or metal skeleton in situ,
     or for the purpose of realization of prefabricated walls; twenty
    or
    [3]
    3.2 ° projection and spread on a horizontal plane to make a layer;
    or
    [3]
    3.3 ° pouring of the mixture prepared in step 1 into a formwork to make a wall, to fill between two walls, or into a mold to make a prefabricated element and in particular blocks or pre-walls or plates.
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    PCT/FR2016/052855|WO2017077246A1|2015-11-03|2016-11-03|Dry construction composition wet-sprayable by means of a screw pump and containing a binder and a biosourced filler, and preparation and uses of such a composition|
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